Romania has enacted sweeping reforms to its citizenship process, introducing a mix of stricter requirements and streamlined accessibility under a decree signed by Interim President Ilie Bolojan. These Romanian citizenship changes, effective from September 1, 2024, prioritize national security, transparency, and alignment with EU standards while rewarding contributions to Romanian society.
Digitalization of Applications:A fully online system now allows applicants to track their status in real time, reducing bureaucratic delays. A biometric citizenship card will replace traditional certificates, enhancing fraud prevention.
Revised Eligibility Criteria:
Residency Requirements: Legal residence for 8 years (reduced to 5 for spouses of Romanian citizens).
Language and Loyalty: Proficiency in Romanian, proof of loyalty to the state, and a clean criminal record.
Fast-Track Options: Reduced residency for individuals with significant societal contributions or exceptional achievements.
Exclusion of Automatic Rights:Citizenship can only be acquired through birth, adoption, or application—stateless persons and foreigners no longer qualify automatically.
A cornerstone of the Romanian citizenship changes is the mandatory collection of biometric data (fingerprints, facial recognition) starting September 2024. This measure, introduced via an emergency ordinance in July 2024, aligns Romania with the EU’s GDPR and strengthens its bid for the US Visa Waiver Program. Government spokesperson Mihai Constantin emphasized, “Biometrics and advanced IT systems will secure the citizenship process against identity fraud.”
While stricter rules apply to most applicants, the reforms ease pathways for those integrated into Romanian society. Scholars, investors, and cultural contributors may benefit from shorter residency periods. The changes also aim to curb statelessness by clarifying legal avenues for citizenship.
Prospective citizens must now navigate a dual system: enhanced digital accessibility paired with rigorous vetting. Authorities stress that the Romanian citizenship changes will reduce processing times for qualified candidates while ensuring national security.
Romania’s updated citizenship framework reflects a modernized approach to immigration, blending EU compliance with incentives for societal engagement. With biometric integration and transparent digital processes, these changes mark a pivotal shift in how Romania welcomes new citizens
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